Product Function
AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit provides insight into different aspects of platelet function / quality. This Kit aids in accessing various acquired and inherited platelet disorders or the efficacy of anti-platelet therapies.
Specific Information Provided
AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit Reagents are not intended for the detection of a specific disorder, condition, or risk factor.
ADP Reagent plays a pivotal role in platelet activation and aggregation. When ADP binds to specific receptors on the platelet surface, such as P2Y1 and P2Y12, it initiates intracellular signaling cascades. This activation induces rapid changes in platelet shape and the release of calcium ions through P2Y1 receptors, while P2Y12 activation sustains the response, ensuring stable aggregation. ADP Reagent is utilized to stimulate platelet activation and aggregation precisely by interacting with these ADP receptors. By observing platelet aggregation in response to ADP, clinicians can assess platelet function / quality related to abnormalities in platelet activation and aggregation. This process is crucial for understanding clot formation dynamics and evaluating the efficacy of anti-platelet therapies in preventing thrombotic events. ADP prompts the release of secondary mediators like Thromboxane A2 (TX A2), further amplifying platelet activation and aggregation.
Arachidonic Acid Reagent initiates platelet activation and aggregation through the arachidonic acid pathway. Upon binding to platelet surface receptors, arachidonic acid undergoes enzymatic conversion to Thromboxane A2 (TX A2), facilitating intracellular signaling cascades. This prompts rapid changes in platelet shape and calcium ion release, crucial for stable aggregation. Observing platelet aggregation in response to Arachidonic Acid Reagent allows clinicians to assess and evaluate platelet function / quality, abnormalities, and anti-platelet therapies. Arachidonic Acid Reagent’s induction of secondary mediators like Thromboxane A2 (TX A2) amplifies platelet activation.
Collagen Reagent initiates platelet activation and aggregation. Upon binding glycoprotein receptors on the platelet surface, particularly glycoprotein VI (GP VI), Collagen sets off intracellular signaling cascades. This triggers rapid changes in platelet shape and the release of calcium ions through GP VI receptors, with sustained activation facilitated by integrin α2β1, ensuring stable aggregation. Utilized to precisely stimulate platelet activation and aggregation, Collagen Reagent interacts with these receptors, providing a means for clinicians to assess platelet function / quality and disorders linked to collagen-induced platelet activation abnormalities. This process is vital for comprehending clot formation dynamics and evaluating the efficacy of anti-platelet therapies inhibiting thrombotic events. Collagen prompts the release of secondary mediators, further amplifying platelet activation and aggregation.
Epinephrine Reagent plays a pivotal role in platelet activation and aggregation. Upon binding to specific receptors on the platelet surface, particularly α2-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine initiates intracellular signaling cascades. This cascade induces rapid changes in platelet shape and triggers the release of calcium ions, crucially mediated through α2-adrenergic receptor activation. The sustained response, essential for stable aggregation, is facilitated by α2-adrenergic receptor activation. Epinephrine Reagent is instrumental in precisely stimulating platelet activation and aggregation by interacting with these adrenergic receptors. Observing platelet aggregation in response to Epinephrine Reagent allows clinicians to assess and evaluate platelet function / quality and disorders associated with abnormalities in platelet activation and aggregation. This process is pivotal for comprehending clot formation dynamics and evaluating the effectiveness of anti-platelet therapies in preventing thrombotic events. Epinephrine prompts the release of secondary mediators, further amplifying platelet activation and aggregation.
Ristocetin Reagent is a distinctive platelet reagent employed in the realm of Ristocetin Induced Platelet Aggregation (RIPA) testing. Ristocetin interacts with von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a critical plasma protein involved in platelet adhesion and aggregation processes. Ristocetin prompts a conformational shift in vWF, exposing binding sites for platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib). Consequently, platelet GP Ib receptors engage with vWF, initiating platelet adhesion. This initial adherence primes platelets for aggregation. In instances lacking von Willebrand Factor (vWF) or related platelet function disorders, Ristocetin Induced Platelet Aggregation proceeds to a limited extent due to platelets’ incapacity to aggregate effectively. Consequently, RIPA testing furnishes invaluable insights into platelet function / quality and vWF activity, thereby aiding in the characterization of von Willebrand Disease (vWD) and associated bleeding disorders. This testing method plays a vital role in evaluating platelet function / quality accurately.
Automation
AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit Reagents are intended for use in semi-automated and automated Light Transmission Platelet Aggregometers. These reagents may also be used with other turbidometric or impedance analyzers, and flow cytometers.
Quality / Quantity
There are no primary standards for the AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit Reagents. The responses to these reagents are concentration dependent. A known normal donor should be tested with each new lot of AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit Reagents. Standards organizations classify ADP, Arachidonic Acid, Collagen, Epinephrine, and Ristocetin induced platelet aggregation as semi-quantitative or semi-qualitative.
AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit comes packaged as 1 x 0.5 mL vial of ADP Reagent, 1 x 0.5 mL vial of Arachidonic Acid Reagent, 1 x 0.5 mL vial of Collagen Reagent, 1 x 0.5 mL vial of Epinephrine Reagent, and 1 x 0.5 mL vial of Ristocetin Reagent. The working concentration of ADP is 200 µM, Arachidonic Acid is 5 mg / mL, Collagen is 1.9 mg / mL, Epinephrine is 100 µM, and Ristocetin is 15 mg / mL.
Specimen Type
The test specimen is prepared from sodium citrate anti-coagulated whole blood. The test sample is Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP). The test blank is Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP).
ADP, Arachidonic Acid, Collagen, Epinephrine, and Ristocetin Reagents may be used with human or animal Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) for routine platelet aggregation tests. Results are based on the concentration, extent, and rate of aggregation compared to a Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) blank.
In Vitro Diagnostic
AGG/PAK™ 5 Combo Kit contents are in vitro diagnostic reagents intended for Professional Laboratory Use Only. These Reagents are not intended for injection or ingestion.
Test Principle
When introduced to a stirred, 37°C Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) test sample, exogenous Reagents such as ADP, Arachidonic Acid, Collagen, Epinephrine, and Ristocetin stimulate platelets, prompting them to undergo shape change and aggregate. This initial aggregation is called primary aggregation and is reversible. However, normal platelets possess the ability to release endogenous ADP from their granules, leading to a secondary, irreversible wave of aggregation. The Light Transmission Platelet Aggregometer effectively captures these changes by displaying parameters such as lag phase, shape change, and the rate and extent of aggregation over a predetermined testing period.
For Epinephrine, hyper-reactivity may be demonstrated. If so, the Sticky Platelet Procedure should be followed for confirmation. Not all healthy people will respond to Epinephrine Reagent.
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